*** Title *** DNA Method: Expand Feistel Based Ciphers to unlimited Blocks Sizes ( with no impact on Speed ). *** Summary *** This paper describes a method to expand Feistel Cipher 2-half-blocks to N-half-blocks with NO theoretical limits though in practice BlockSize should not exceed the Disk Buffer size. As such the base-cipher becomes a simplification of the extended one... (simplification is commonly accepted as weakenning a cipher). Additionnaly maintaining the very SAME SPEED of the original cipher, or a lower reducing the number of loops allowed by sinergetic action from text due to the increased block size. *** Author *** Dutra de Lacerda, *** Introduction*** In the last years we took concience of how vulnerable communications may be and the threat that this represents to people, firms and institutions at a global level. Crypto as a major role in the security process though is never to much to stress that the strenght of the whole preocess is the one of the weakeast link. Here we examine the cipher part, trying to enhance it as Feedback modes have made it in the past. *** History A preliminary presentation was made about 1 year after others had (independently) created an expantion of a Feistel Network in a different scope (not a generarization). We refer to COBRA, also based in Blowfish, that duplicated the Block size. We got the notion that it used 4 columns bt didn't had the chance to examine it. Blowfish was choosen because of its huge password-space, versatility, and wide array of Non-defined P-Boxes. This last is of most importance because dedicated processors can be built to fasten the search for a password. The speedier the initialization method the faster the finding of the password by brute force. But the use of such simple method on an entire class of ciphers with the resultant consequences on security has been ignored if favor of limitation and easy to build dedicated processors. Danger here. This is also true if quantum-processors are used where this search is almost timeless in comparison with public technology. But even here there 2 extra advantages to the last mentioned: 1 - The construction of the routine is much more dificult and complex. 2 - The space of possibilities is a factor (or 2) above other ciphers. Reducing or blocking Quantum Computing brute attempts. So we choose to fight fire with fire. Blowfish seems the best bet against these attacks ON THE CIPHER. Blowfish will be used in the presentation. WARNING: The security of the cipher is just one element on security placed somewere between the following sequence: Computer Hardware - || Can be patched OR listened Computer Firmware - || (from design or plug) Operating System - || Examples: CPU, Monitor, Drivers, etc. Aplication - Flaws usually in Event Driven OSs USER - Ignorance and/or Manipulation. *** Limitations: This method is limited to Feistel Ciphers of the type Round(i) = F(halfblock) XOR (PBox_Values) where F function may be Irreversible. The security achieved is dependent of the parent cipher method. *** Definitions: Atom = Each basic Block, usually a 32bits Word. Cluster = The basic agrupation of Atoms, correspond to the Block. Usually Left and Right Atoms, here A_1 to A_ClusterSize. Buffer = Work Block of Clusters. *** Properties: Offers, not only the usual caracteristics of wide block ciphers, but also an important cascade effect on each block. And instead of 2 x N loop encryptations on a block, we achieve NLoops x ClusterSizeInAtoms encryptations. The actual time spent is SIMILAR to the original algorithm. The result being a stronger cipher (more iteractions) with practically with no extra work. Note: Since even week cipher get much stronger with the DNA method the analysis of the cipher MUST be made without envolvement of it to obtain a accurate evaluation of the basic cipher. *** The DNA Method: This method is based on the geometry of the crypting process that reminds a DNA molecule with their triplets (reduced to a pair instead of 3 codons) wich assisted in it's design when geometrical properties were noted by the author. So it may be modified to maintain compatibility with present ciphers from witch they descent just by using K=2 instead of N ... and being carefull with the implementation. The modification is simple though less elegant. *** Example using Blowfish Blowfish processes, in each loop, Clusters of 2 DoubleWords. Blowfish+ processes, in each loop, Clusters of K DoubleWords. The Numbered P-Boxes action is optimised (based on Xor properties), by uniting them in stages for each loop and thus: - Simplifying Implementation - Speeding up execution 2 Rounds Encriptation Diagram Standard Blowfish 4 Atoms Cluster Blowfish+ (with K=4) left right 0 1 2 3 | | | | | | 0-x | 0-x 1-x 2-x 3-x |-------->| | | | | | x-1 +----- | ------- | ------- | ------- | ------+ |<--------| +--->--x | | o--> ---+ ...|.........|... | | | | | | o-------->x | | 2-x | | | | | |-------->| | o-------->x | | x-3 | | | | |<--------| | | o-------->x ...|.........|... | | | | | | .....|.........|.........|.........|...... 4-x x-5 | | | | | | 4-x 5-x 6-x 7-x | | | | +----- | ------- | ------- | ------- | ------+ +--->--x | | o--> ---+ | | | | o-------->x | | | | | | | o-------->x | | | | | | | o-------->x | | | | .....|.........|.........|.........|...... | | | | 8-x 9-x 10-x 11-x | | | | 2 Rounds Decryptation Diagram Standard Blowfish 4 Atoms Cluster Blowfish+ (n-1) left right 0 1 2 3 | | | | | | | x-5 8-x 9-x 10-x 11-x |<--------| | | | | 4-x | o-------->x | | |-------->| | | | | ...|.........|... | o-------->x | | | | | | | | x-3 | | o-------->x |<--------| | | | | 2-x | +----- | ------- | ------- | ------- | ------+ |-------->| +--->--x | | o--> ---+ ...|.........|... | | | | | | .....|.........|.........|.........|...... 0-x x-1 | | | | | | 4-x 5-x 6-x 7-x | | | | o-------->x | | | | | | | o-------->x | | | | | | | o-------->x | | | | +----- | ------- | ------- | ------- | ------+ +--->--x | | o--> ---+ | | | | .....|.........|.........|.........|...... | | | | 0-x 1-x 2-x 3-x | | | | NOTE - Decryption starts with Last Cluster, however each cluster itself decrypts by the SAME ORDER used to encrypt... ... from Top to Bottom! *** Blowfish+ Code: Will presented soon with a functional program. *** Conclusions: | Standard | Same Rounds | | Blowfish | Blowfish+ (Example) | ----------------------+----------------+-------------------------| Bits per Atom | 32 bits | 32 ( 32 ) | Atoms per Cluster A | 2 Doubles | N ( 16 ) | | ------------ | --------------------- | Bits per Cluster | 2*32 bits | N*32 ( 512 ) | | | | Rounds per Cluster R | 8 Rounds | 8 Rounds ( 8 ) | Workload per Atom W | 16 Transf. | N*16 ( 256 ) | Time per 512 bits T | (N/2)*(R*2) | ( 1*(N*R)) | | | | ----------------------+----------------+-------------------------+ Complexity | 8 * 2 | 8 * K ( 128 ) | Speed (T=Text) | (T/8) * 2 | (T/4K)*K ( T/4 ) | Password Space | (32*2)*(8+1) | (32*K)*(8+1) ( 4608 ) | ----------------------+----------------+-------------------------+ [General] As we can see, we have an increase on the work done on every Atom resulting in extra dispersion of data allowing us to safely reduce the number of Rounds for increased speed. How much we can reduce should be a function of the chosen Cluster size. This is a bonus. This method may be used with other ciphers, and also give birth to other Multi-Atom ciphers. [Blowfish] A Blowfish Complexity issue is the PBox dependent Password Space which is also a bonus. Compatibility with Blowfish is just a matter of start encrypting from cell 0 instead of n-1. For decrypting start with 1 instead of zero... Of course it is somewhat less elegant but compatibility is achieved if N=2 ( Where N is the Number of Atoms per Cluster) *** Appendix 1 : Proposed usage. Cipher Disk Sectors in BSD, DOS, Linux, others excluding M$ for obvious reasons (not the monetary ones). Using DOS: use old PCs... You'll be trading between a more probably secure PC by a more easely 'electronicly listened'. Suggest a 486. Using dedicated hardware: You have to build it. Can be a IDE interface to the IDE interface. Can be a shield (cage) and interference circuits linked to CPU and memory modifying its emissions with TEA cipher. *** Apendix 2 : Motivation. "The long peace made the old errors be forgotten" - - in 'Pope John XXIII Profecies' Cryptography tries to keep private what has always been private. For some reason what lies in our brains is protected. Enciphered! Prohibiting crypto is negating Humanity itself. Many arguments can be exploited to twist what is natural. Fear for example. "Those who abdicate from liberty for security will loose both" - - Benjamin Franklin. As we live in a global propaganda/controled environment, what was once taken to be for granted must be protected by the citizens themselves where representativeness is no longer (was it ever?) respected. --- This tries to be a small contribution in favor of the individual against the present trend of Total-Control that disguises the origin of problems and perverts the essence of mankind and its relations into a masquerade where humanity is lost as well as justice and fairness. Your future is in your hands. Everybody has is own role and none is to small. The first step is to take conscience instead of hiding in selfishness. Now its up to you! Best wishes to all, Dutra de Lacerda *************** I'm a bad writer... and a worse orador... *** ADDENDA *** But due to the actual world situation decided to *************** append the following considerations. This papper was about privacy and liberty in spite of attempts to convince the people of the world to trade them for security... You know how: FUD! Fear, Uncertainty, Deception. But it has gone too far and there is no signs to stop, just strategically slow now and then to come again in full manipulation at a global level. Let's start: The Reichtag has burn again in 9/11. The Nazis burn the Reichtag ang put the blame on the jews. FUD! It was the beginning of Germany full suppport to Hitler. An US general commented: Germany lost the war but the Nazis won it! It was Paperclip project and God knows what more! It happened again in 9/11... now the blame are on the muslims. FUD! It is the beginning of Globalism and the trade mentioned. See the movies (care not to have been 'modified') without sound, comments. Just observe what your hability reveals. Comment with friends with other skills. Check the fire, the sequence, the uniform fall. Follow the money, follow the power, follow the lies. For wour children and grand-children. - A Few Necessary Notes in between: Remember the past: Irangate (that murdered the European Portuguese Prime and the Defence Ministers 2 days BEFORE their agenda to spellit out in the UN when what was called some years latter "Irangate" was taking place. Their murder silenced what would be much worse than "Watergate". The good guis were safe. The bad guis, reversing roles, were 'controled' and wifes and pilots of the plane followed. The execution of the order was prepared by some Portuguese Generals with very close links with the 'good' guis... so they were good guis too... and certainly hade 'good' reasons to do the 'right' thing... and so did the Explosive Experts and the Mechanic that put all in place. All excelent militaries working for a 'good' cause... Did ANY of these man EVER knew exactly what was doing and why? Please keep in mind this question because will be essencial in a while... - CONTINUING... Saddam was the favorite alie of USA... actually the CIA put it in place in a blodie 'coup d'etat'. Geo-strategic reasons. Then because Iran, but we'll never know the true story because of Oil. Well, you get the picture. More latter... - WHY?!? Can not answer that. Honestly. But with the risc of making a fool of myself to those that are limited at some level here is what in other subject would be described as an 'educated guess'. There is no space to point the pieces of the puzzle and how they form this picture: Two financial empires degladiate, two dreams of total power like in the games they played when children, Adult games just are more expensive. But they are games we played to so we undertand the concept. That makes us also responsable, but this is just an opinion. - HOW?!? The tools are a mix of Weather Prediction, War Games, Economical Simulation. The basis are Extended social teory, AI simulation assisted, AI scenarios projection. The goal is the implemented Rule Set (Human introduced) and is NOT human happiness and is constantly learning and adapting. Small systems related to these are in public for more than a decade. The short description above correspond to systems with more than 30 years that have evolved since then. Integration of these systems is supposed to have started 20 years go and sufered some changes. The last generation fully integrated may have 10 years. The dates sugested are probably inacurate in the sense that they are generic and deduced by available tecnologies. This means that in secret labs they should be much older. - WHAT? The directors and operators of this Set of connected Computers probably call them acording with each computer habilities they are allowed to know: 'Oracle', 'Brain', 'The machine', 'GOD', '666', 'Utopia', 'The Eye', etc... This is not important and is old stuff.... What is important is the programs the linkage between the programs they run. More important is the new generation with diferent purposes, achitectures and programs that run on them. These architectures are not purely digital. Some, probably most, are hibrid. A short description of the purposes of this 'Brain' is to serve as an 'Oracle' to predict as well, other modules, to test 'perturbations' to be induced in the world and their results. In a more broad view it's a set of simulators with a representation of the world in all possible aspects, thus interconection is critical. And so the use of extra (not-digital) arquitectures including analogic(old) and exotic ones like Quantum Computing BUT NOT THE KIND described in Science Magazines: Basicaly the function is not to process by an algorithm by to inscribe a model with data and get the solution instantly (what takes time is inputing and extracting the result). This last one is of special interest for decryption. It's the dead on any available Public-Key system AND a reason AES. Twofish was more expensive to workout than Rijndael. Blowfish is more problematic than any of these two and was spreading so the AES competition was allowed in the defined terms: AES are based on simplicity and the illusion of a bigger password. Under AES design rules that are valid and solid... under public technology. AES was honnest but... its security status didn't improve much in comparison to DES. Now you know. Got it? - WHO? Most of them prefer to think the are the good guys saving the world from a sad future they are building for generations. Full of good intentions like the Hell is full. All is acceptable for a higher purpose... and they are the choosen ones and the most habilitated to juge that... after all they listen no one else except themselfs... and with a good reason to: they know more and believe that is an advantage. It is! BUT depending of the premisses and the extra problem: Knowledge does not create Wisdom, actually becomes an extra weight to their minds and an Heart killer. Illusion kills them. Others enjoy the oportunity to work in an environment around 50 years in advance to public technology, with a little help in 1947. Or just like the brain tease. Do ANY of these man EVER knows exactly what is doing and really why? My favorite definition of Dementia: "Lossing everything except the reason" These man are like MickeyMouse in the "SourcerAprendice" by WaltDisney. They represent "Science without Conscience". Those above them that use them represent "Manipulation"... up to the top. All without conscience of their actions to the world and families. Demented! And then at the top is pure 'Dementia' born from 'Pride' and 'Fear', the two hidden financial empires, those who give birth to Hitler and now keep Israelies and Palestinians, the 2 brothers, fighting eachother and sufering. Hope their 'Pride' find it's iceberg as the 'Titanic' and then taste the misery they have spread to the world for at least the last century. For they may ellude dead for a long time now they have the CODE but not forever and an higher justice than the faked one of man act upon them when their role is done and dead is no longer elluded and taste their creations. Pitty them, not by despise but because they are less than hollow but more than a curse spelled trough the wind. Nothing but empty shells covered with the 'gold of fools' expecting to eternal oblivia. That is their fate! - WERE FOR? From the route of the boat it seems to a mix of (to resume): "Admirable New World" - Fiction by 'Aldous Huxley' (Drugs) "Animal Farm" - Idem by '' (Society) "1984" - By 'George Orwell' (Echellon) "RollerBall" - Movie (Manipulation) And some others. Its "Feudalism" by economical means,a "Golden Cage" in Psicological terms, and "New Slavery" in a Sociological view... Your youngsters wont protest! Nor will those who are bilding the system right now. To finalize: Hitlers vision of the "New Reich" (Empire) with its casts of masters and servants... Conspiracy? Puf! Look around. It happened once and as not ended yet... Bad weeds are hard to die. Specially when then grow hidden like wolfs with sheep cloths: Power to manipulate directly... or indirectly using the media to act on the collective inconscient. And this is your responsability too. - WERE ARE WE? In the middle of that insanity... Do not underestimate true writers. Even the 'Titanic' disaster was described around 10 years before in a novel called not 'Titanic' but 'Pride'... Just like th author was in the 'Titanic' in all major details. You are also responsable and are important too in the Process: Favoring: You accept, You have fear, you have debts, You feel alone... You are vulnerable to the Media and accept them as you do. Stopt it! You eat junk food (body), listen junk music (emotions), see junk news (illusions), play junk games (mind). Bread and Circus was the name of the game in the Rome Empire. How about now? If you use a Credit card you are in trouble: You lose a fraction of your salary and help increase inflation. Every movement you make means a fraction lost to the Banks. And then a fraction of the rest and then again... and again... until is nothing solid is left. - QUESTION! (at last) If you where in Germany AFTER the Reichtag Destruction that projected Hitler to full power (oficial and sociological) WHAT would you do? Escape is a No-No in this simulation because Europe is now replaced by the World... Unless you have means to travel to a decent planet. Think carefully! Best wishes to all, Dutra de Lacerda